![]() ![]() The outcomes of this study reveal that mushu emits the highest concentration of the four selected VOCs, followed by moretshe, mohwelere, mokgwa and motswiri, respectively. Available literature shows that these VOCs are associated with the kind of common firewood used in the study area. Four VOCs, namely benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylene were analysed from each of the selected plant species. The VOC samples were collected from selected priority firewood species used in the study area, namely mushu (Umbrella thorn), mohwelere (red bushwillow), moretshe (Sickle bush), motswiri (Leadwood) and mokgwa (Black monkey thorn). An Integrated Environmental Health Risk Assessment framework (IEHRA) was adopted as the research methods of the current study. The sample consisted of 69 firewood users who were conveniently sampled from Senwabarwana Villages. ![]() This paper presents the extent to which kitchen structures influence household exposure to firewood-induced volatile organic compounds (VOCs).
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